DO YOY KNOW WHAT ARE STEM CELLS?

Stem cells are the primal cells of the body. The different cell types within the body are all derived from such cells- and hence the name. Stem cells are undifferentiated, "blank" cells that do not yet have a specific function. Characteristically, stem cells have a high capacity for self-renewal. This feature permits their continuous culture under laboratory conditions.

Stem cells have the unique ability to differentiate into a variety of cells. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function - such as a muscle cell, a red blood cell or a nerve cell.

Self-Renewing

Given the right environment, stem cells can give rise to a number of tissues that constitute the different organs. Also serving as a kind of repair system for the body, stem cells can divide repeatedly and then differentiate and replenish cells within the body. These unique characteristics are the reason why stem cells are considered a breakthrough in regenerative medicine. They have the potential for providing cells and tissues to treat various debilitating, life-threatening diseases.

Stem cells can be derived from various sources such as the bone marrow, embryos obtained by in vitro fertilization, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood.
There are three broad categories of stem cells, which can be derived from various sources such as the bone marrow, embryonic tissue, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood.

Types of Stem Cells
There are three main types of stem cells, which are usually considered for their potential use in research and medicine. They differ in their ability to self-renew:

Totipotent
These stem cells have the potential to become any kind of cell in the body. After an egg is fertilized, it undergoes a series of divisions to become an embryo and later a fetus. The cells that are formed during these first few divisions are totipotent i.e. they can become any cell in the body. Human cells have this capacity only during the first few divisions of a fertilized egg. After 3 - 4 divisions of totipotent cells, these cells will not be able to differentiate into any cell type.

Pluripotent
This type of stem cell has the ability to become almost any kind of cell in the body-except the cells of the placenta or other supporting tissues of the uterus. Pluripotent stem cells result after totipotent stem cells undergo the first few divisions. Embryonic stem cells at the blastocyst stage and fetal stem cells are pluripotent.

Totipotent and Pluripotent cells are essential for the development of an entirely new organism, which is why they are found in the early stages of development.

Multipotent
These cells can give rise to several other cell types, but those types are limited to mostly cells of the blood, heart, muscle and nerves. These cells function as a repair system for damaged tissue. Adult stem cells are a good example of multipotent stem cells.

Sources of Stem Cells
Stem cells can be harvested from various sources like the bone marrow, embryonic tissue, amniotic fluid or umbilical cord blood. Stem cells are classified according to the source from which they are obtained.

Somatic Stem Cells
Stem cells are found in small numbers in adult tissue such as brain, bone marrow, peripheral blood, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, skin, liver and umbilical cord blood. These cells are also called 'adult stem cells', even though the term 'adult' is incorrect as stem cells also occur in babies and children.

The primary role of stem cells in the body is to maintain and repair the tissues in which they are found, as they are multipotent in nature.

Somatic Stem CellsOf all adult tissue, the bone marrow is an extremely rich source of somatic stem cells. Drawn from the spongy tissue found in the center of bones, the main function of these stem cells is to make blood cells that circulate in our bodies and fight infection. In stem cell therapy, bone marrow was the earliest source of stem cells due to its rich supply.

The other rich source of stem cells is the blood left over in the umbilical cord and placenta of a newborn child. Till recently, this blood was (and continues to be) often discarded as medical waste. However, now that umbilical cord blood is known to be a rich source of stem cells, more people are choosing to bank these cells for its potential future use.

Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs)
Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs)These cells are derived from embryos that develop from eggs that have been fertilized in vitro and are donated for research. The embryos from which these cells are derived are four or five days old and are a hollow microscopic ball of cells called the blastocyst. The cells are removed from the blastocyst and treated in a culture dish where they divide into more embryonic stem cells. Because these cells are pluripotent, they are attractive candidates for use in stem cell research and therapy.

Embryonic (or fetal) Germ Cells (EGCs)
Embryonic (or fetal) Germ Cells (EGCs)These pluripotent stem cells are derived from primordial germ cells, which give rise to the gametes (sperm & eggs) in adults. They are found in a 5 to 9 week old embryo/fetus in the area that is destined to become either the testicles or the ovaries. Like the embryonic stem cells, primordial germ cells too are transferred into a specially treated culture dish to form germ cell colonies. Deriving stem cells through this process is controversial since the embryo or the fetuses from which the germ cells are obtained are destroyed. The embryo or the fetuses, even though not fully formed, are considered 'human' in many cultures and hence their destruction leads to ethical dilemmas. Such a dilemma exists even if the embryonic germ cells are derived from a fetus that is obtained as a result of a miscarriage or abortion.

Peripheral Blood Stem Cells
Peripheral Blood Stem CellsStem cells, in limited quantities, can also be found in the peripheral blood circulation. Peripheral blood stem cells are easier to obtain than bone marrow as they can be drawn from blood. Some studies have shown that these stem cells engraft faster than bone marrow stem cells.

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LifeCell launches Cord Tissue Banking in India

LifeCell International, India’s first & the largest stem cell banking service provider and a pioneer in stem cell research, technology & therapy, announced the launch of Umbilical cord tissue banking service in India, today. The technology to harness the potential of Umbilical Cord Tissue, a rich source of Mesenchymal stem cells was developed in-house at the LifeCell R&D center at Chennai., India. With this launch, LifeCell achieved a considerable technology landmark in the field of Regenerative science & healthcare industry in India.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) from bone marrow have been at the forefront of therapeutic strategies for a number of hitherto incurable ailments like Heart Disease, Type I Diabetes, Crohn’s Disease, GVHD, Osteoarthritis and Stroke. Further, MSCs from Cord tissue showed additional therapeutic potential in animal models to treat Parkinsonism, Skeletal muscle injury, Limb ischemia, Retinal nerve degeneration. Hence, these cord tissue MSCs appear to be superior to bone marrow MSCs and can be a potential substitute for them.

Talking at the occasion, Mr. Mayur Abhaya, President and Executive Director, LifeCell International, said, “We at LifeCell are very excited about this landmark achievement that we have made at our R&D center, by developing the technology to harvest and store Umbilical Cord Tissue in India. With additional service of cord tissue banking, , clinical trials, R&D, therapy solutions we are the only company in India providing comprehensive stem cells solutions. This will give us a competitive edge to tap the potential market. In a country like India with over 40 million births every year, the potential is immense and we see a huge opportunity ahead. We envision a 30% percent growth in our enrolments by 2010. Our revenue for this year is expected to close by Rs.400 Million.”

According to Dr. Ajit, Chief Scientific Officer, LifeCell International, “Previously, after the collection of the umbilical cord blood, the remaining solid cord tissue was normally discarded. However, this cord tissue is a rich source of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and we have invested two years of time in developing and validating a proprietary technology at our in-house R&D center for collection and storage of the cord tissue. These MSCs from cord tissue are superior to bone marrow MSCs, as these cells are fetal in nature and therefore more robust. Besides, the collection process is non invasive, painless and usually devoid of infection.” Added Dr. Ajit

Over the conversation about the awareness and acceptance of stem cells in India Mr. Mayur added, “Recent success stories of stem cells, daily news on research findings and breakthrough in clinical trials etc., are validating the potential of stem cells thereby increasing the demand for storing the baby’s stem cell for future potential use. The medical fraternity has been playing a vital role in supporting and spreading knowledge and awareness on this concept.”

Customers who want to store their cord tissue have a range of options with LifeCell. They may choose to bank the processed stem cells from the Cord Tissue for a ready use or store the cord tissue which can be used to harvest stem cells later for therapy.

Preserving the cord tissue comes as a package along with cord blood banking service of LifeCell at a cost of Rs.44,600/- for the first year and Rs.3,500/- every year as annual storage fee. However, if the client prefers to process the cord tissue and store the harvested stem cells, the process will cost Rs.63,100/- for the first year and Rs.5,500/- every year as annual storage fee. Both these options include processing and cryo-preserving the cord blood stem cells which is the basic service.

Clients could also go for the option of one-time storage fee of Rs.79,000/- upfront for storing cord blood and cord tissue and Rs.1,17,500 for storing cord blood along with processing of cord tissue.

LifeCell’s key differentiator has been quality and service and with a technology tie-up with the Cryo-Cell International, the world's first stem cell bank, LifeCell has the expertise of technology to maintain the best quality which has also been acknowledged and accredited by AABB. LifeCell offers round-the-clock service and is the only stem cell bank in India offering this service to over 40 centers in India & abroad.

Advantages of Mesenchymal Stemcells:

In a unit population of cells MSCs in the umbilical cord tissue are present in much higher numbers when compared with the bone marrow. These cells have shorter doubling time. Also the HLA ABC antigens are less of an issue with cord MSCs when compared with bone marrow MSCs.

About LifeCell International Pvt. Ltd: .

LifeCell is India’s first & the largest stem cell bank & stem cells solutions provider to bring the revolutionary concept of banking a baby’s umbilical cord blood stem to the country. The company and was incorporated in 2004 in technological collaboration with Cryo-Cell International, USA (the world’s first stem cell bank). LifeCell has established its prominence through a range of services & activities from multi-service banking, research & development, clinical trials, stem cell therapy solutions and technology tie-ups.

LifeCell is accredited by many institutions in India & abroad like AABB, DSIR, ISO and few others by maintaining international quality standards. The company has a large network & client base with over 40 centers in India & abroad and over 20,000 parents have banked their baby’s cord blood stem cells with LifeCell.

Today, LifeCell has consolidated its premium presence in the global stem cell industry as the World’s first and only comprehensive stem cells solutions provider.

DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS

Arteries have thin muscles within their walls to be able to withstand the pressure of the heart pumping blood to the far reaches of the body. Veins don't have a significant muscle lining, and there is nothing pumping blood back to the heart except physiology. Blood returns to the heart because the body's large muscles squeeze the veins as they contract in their normal activity of moving the body. The normal activities of moving the body returns the blood back to the heart.
There are two types of veins in the leg; superficial veins and deep veins. Superficial veins lie just below the skin and are easily seen on the surface. Deep veins, as their name implies, are located deep within the muscles of the leg. Blood flows from the superficial veins into the deep venous system through small perforator veins. Superficial and perforator veins have one-way valves within them that allow blood to flow only in the direction of the heart when the veins are squeezed.
A blood clot (thrombus) in the deep venous system of the leg is not dangerous in itself. The situation becomes life-threatening when a piece of the blood clot breaks off (embolus, pleural=emboli), travels downstream through the heart into the pulmonary circulation system, and becomes lodged in the lung. Diagnosis and treatment of a deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is meant to prevent pulmonary embolism.
Clots in the superficial veins do not pose a danger of causing pulmonary emboli because the perforator vein valves act as a sieve to prevent clots from entering the deep venous system. They are usually not at risk of causing pulmonary embolism.

What are the causes of deep vein thrombosis?
Blood is meant to flow; if it becomes stagnant there is a potential for it to clot. The blood in veins is constantly forming microscopic clots that are routinely broken down by the body. If the balance of clot formation and resolution is altered, significant clotting can occur. A thrombus can form if one, or a combination of the following situations is present:
Immobility
* Prolonged travel and sitting, such as long airplane flights ("economy class syndrome"), car, or train travel
* Hospitalization
* Surgery
* Trauma to the lower leg with or without surgery or casting
* Pregnancy, including 6-8 weeks post partum
* Obesity
Hypercoagulability (coagulation of blood faster than usual)
* Medications (for example, birth control pills, estrogen)
* Smoking
* Genetic predisposition
* Polycythemia (increased number of red blood cells)
* Cancer
Trauma to the vein
* Fracture to the leg
* Bruised leg
· Complication of an invasive procedure of the vein

What are the symptoms of deep vein thrombosis?

Superficial thrombophlebitis
Blood clots in the superficial vein system most often occur due to trauma to the vein which causes a small blood clot to form. Inflammation of the vein and surrounding skin causes the symptoms of any other type of inflammation:
* redness,
* warmth,
* tenderness, and
* swelling.
Often the affected vein can be palpated (felt) as a firm, thickened cord. There may be inflammation that follows the course of part of the vein.
Although there is inflammation, there is no infection.
Varicosities can predispose to superficial thrombophlebitis. When the valves of the larger veins in the superficial system fail (the greater and lesser saphenous veins), blood can back up and cause the veins to swell and become distorted or tortuous. The valves fail when veins lose their elasticity and stretch. This can be due to age, prolonged standing, obesity, pregnancy, and genetic factors.
Deep Venous Thrombosis
The symptoms of deep vein thrombosis are related to obstruction of blood returning to the heart and causing a backup of blood in the leg. Classically, they symptoms include:
* pain,
* swelling,
* warmth, and
* redness.

Not all of these symptoms have to occur; one, all, or none may be present with a deep vein thrombosis. The symptoms may mimic an infection or cellulitis of the leg.
Historically, healthcare providers would try to elicit a couple of clinical findings to make a diagnosis. Dorsiflexion of the foot (pulling the toes towards the nose, or Homans' sign) and Pratt's sign (squeezing the calf to produce pain), have not been found effective in making a diagnosis.
When should I seek medical care for deep vein thrombosis?
The diagnosis of a superficial or deep thrombosis often relies on the clinical skill of the healthcare provider. Diagnostic tests need to be tailored to each situation.
Leg swelling, redness, and pain may be indicators of a blood clot and should not be ignored. These symptoms may be due to other causes (for example, cellulitis or infection), but it may be difficult to make the diagnosis without seeking medical advice.
If there is associated chest pain or shortness of breath, then further concern exists that a pulmonary embolus may be the cause. Once again, seeking immediate advice is appropriate.
How is deep vein thrombosis diagnosed?
The diagnosis of superficial thrombophlebitis is made clinically.
Ultrasound is now the standard method of diagnosing the presence of a deep vein thrombosis. The ultrasound technician may be able to determine whether a clot exists, where it is located in the leg, and how large it is. Ultrasounds can be compared over time to see whether a clot has grown or resolved. Ultrasound is better at "seeing" veins above the knee as compared to the veins below it.
Venography, injecting dye into the veins to look for a thrombus, is not usually performed any more and has become more of a historical footnote.
D-dimer is a blood test that may be used as a screening test to determine if a blood clot exists. D-dimer is a chemical that is produced when a blood clot in the body gradually dissolves. The test is used as a positive or negative indicator. If the result is negative, then no blood clot exists. If the D-dimer test is positive, it does not necessarily mean that a deep vein thrombosis is present since many situations will have an expected positive result (for example, from surgery, a fall, or pregnancy). For that reason, D-dimer testing must be used selectively.
Other blood testing may be considered based on the potential cause for the deep vein thrombosis.

What is the treatment for deep vein thrombosis?
Superficial Thrombophlebitis
Treatment for superficial blood clots is symptomatic with:
* warm compresses,
* leg compression, and
* an anti-inflammatory medications like ibuprofen.
If the thrombophlebitis occurs near the groin where the superficial and deep systems join together, there is potential that the thrombus could extend into the deep venous system. These patients may require anticoagulation or blood thinning therapy (see below).


Deep venous thromboses
Deep venous thromboses that occur below the knee tend not to embolize (break loose). They may be observed with serial ultrasounds to make certain they are not extending above the knee. At the same time, the cause of the deep vein thrombosis may need to be addressed.
The treatment for deep venous thrombosis above the knee is anticoagulation, unless a contraindication exists. Contraindications include recent major surgery (since anticoagulation would thin all the blood in the body, not just that in the leg, leading to significant bleeding issues), or abnormal reactions when previously exposed to blood thinner medications.
Anticoagulation prevents further growth of the blood clot and prevents it from forming an embolus that can travel to the lung.
Anticoagulation is a two step process. Warfarin (Coumadin) is the drug of choice for anti-coagulation. It is begun immediately, but unfortunately it may take a week or more for the blood to be appropriately thinned. Therefore, low molecular weight heparin [enoxaparin (Lovenox)] is administered at the same time. It thins the blood via a different mechanism and is used as a bridge therapy until the warfarin has reached its therapeutic level. Enoxaparin injections can be given on an outpatient basis.
For those patients who have contraindications to the use of enoxaparin (for example, kidney failure does not allow the drug to be metabolized), intravenous heparin can be used as the first step. This requires admission to the hospital.
The dosage of warfarin is monitored by blood tests measuring the prothrombin time or INR (international normalized ratio). For an uncomplicated deep vein thrombosis, the recommended length of therapy with warfarin is three to six months.
Some patients may have contraindications for warfarin therapy, for example a patient with bleeding in the brain, major trauma, or recent significant surgery. An alternative may be to place a filter in the inferior vena cava (the major vein that collects blood from both legs) to prevent emboli from reaching the heart and lungs. These filters may be effective but also may be the source of new clot formation.

What are the complications of deep vein thrombosis?
Pulmonary embolism is the major complication of deep vein thrombosis. It can present with chest pain and shortness of breath and is a life-threatening condition. More than 90% of pulmonary emboli arise from the legs.
Post-phlebitic syndrome can occur after a deep vein thrombosis. The affected leg can become chronically swollen and painful with skin color changes and ulcer formation around the foot and ankle.
Can deep vein thrombosis be prevented?
As is the case with most medical illnesses, prevention is of prime importance. Minimizing risk factors is key to deep vein thrombosis prevention.
In the hospital setting, the staff works hard to minimize the potential for clot formation in immobilized patients. Compression stockings are routinely used. Surgery patients are out of bed walking (ambulatory) earlier and low dose heparin or enoxaparin is being used for deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis (measures taken to prevent DVT).
For those who travel, it is recommended that they get up and walk every couple of hours during a long trip.
Compression stockings may be helpful in preventing future deep vein thrombosis formation in patients with a previous history of a clot.


Dr. P C Gupta MS, FICA
Senior Consultant & Chief
Department of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery
Care Hospital – The Institute of Medical Sciences
Road No: 1, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad – 500 034 INDIA
Phone: +91-40-30418888
Fax: +91-40-30418488
Email: pcgupta10@hotmail.com

Dr. P C Gupta

Dr. P C Gupta MS, FICA
Senior Consultant & Chief
Department of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery
Care Hospital – The Institute of Medical Sciences
Road No: 1, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad – 500 034 INDIA
Phone: +91-40-30418888
Fax: +91-40-30418488
Email: pcgupta10@hotmail.com

Name Prem Chand Gupta
Sex Male
Date of birth 22.11.1965
Nationality Indian
Permanent address # 311, Maruti Sadan, 6-3-1117, Begumpet, Hyderabad 500 016
Tel : +91-40-2341 0522

Present employment & Senior Consultant & Chief,
address Department of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery,
Care Hospitals, Hyderabad 500034.
Fax : +91-40-30418488
Phone: +91-40-30418888, 30418145
Email: pcgupta10@hotmail.com

Associate Professor, Vascular & Endovascular Surgery
Owaisi Hospital and Research Center, Hyderabad

Professional education & experience

MBBS (1984-88), Armed Forces Medical College, Pune. India
Armed Forces Medical College located at Pune in India is amongst the top three medical schools in India and offers medical graduates a disciplined learning environment along with emphasis on overall personality development.

Internship (Dec 88-Dec 89), Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi. India,
Hindu Rao Hospital is a Government General Hospital, run by the Municipal Corporation and provides good opportunity for practical learning and hands on experience.

House Job (Casualty) (Jan 90-Jun 90), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. India
AIIMS is the premier Medical Institute in India and at the forefront of medical education and research.

MS (Surgery) (July 90-June 93), Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh. India.
PGIMER is a premier postgraduate institute and provides excellent surgical training and a very good work culture. It has a very good faculty, many of whom are internationally renowned and known for research work. It is here that I developed interest in Vascular Surgery.
Senior Residency (Gen.&Vasc. Surgery) (July 93-Sept 95), PGIMER, Chandigarh. India

Fellowship in Vascular Surgery (Nov 95-Mar 97), Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya. Japan
The fellowship taught me advanced vascular surgery and also trained me to take up the most major surgical procedures in a relaxed manner. It also helped me improve my interpersonal relationships with other medical staff. It was in Nagoya that I took up to writing papers.

Visitor - Department of Vascular Surgery
University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, NC. USA (22.02.97-08.03.97)
This visit to the Department headed by Dr. Blair Keagy, MD was meant to gain exposure to carotid surgery and I am doing a fair bit of carotid work now.

Senior Residency (Gen.&Vasc. Surgery) (April 97-Feb 98), PGIMER, Chandigarh. India
This stint provided me the opportunity to practice what I had learnt in Japan. I was able to take up major vascular surgical procedures independently since there was no Consultant Vascular Surgeon during this period.

Senior Research Associate (March 98 – June 98), AIIMS, New Delhi. India

Assistant Professor in Vascular Surgery, (July 1998-November 2000)
Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences
Punjagutta, Hyderabad INDIA
NIMS is one of the premier medical institutes in South India and has a big load of patients. We were also training fellows in vascular surgery.

Visitor – DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA, March / April, 2003
This visit to Dr. Coselli’s department helped to iron out the difficulties I was having with surgery for Thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms and we are comfortable doing these surgeries now.

Other training programs:

1. Endovascular workshop at Bordeaux, France in October 1998.
2. Open vascular surgical workshop during Annual Meeting of European Society of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery at Istanbul, 2003.
3. Training in Laparoscopic aorto-iliac surgery at IRCAD, European Institute of Telesurgery, Strasbourg, France, September 2006.

Memberships: 1. Association of Surgeons of India
2. Vascular Society of India
3. Fellow of International College of Angiology
4. Indian Society of Vascular & Interventional Radiology
5. European Society of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery
6. Indian Association of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgeons
7. Endovascular Interventions Society of India
8. American Venous Forum
9. DeBakey International Surgical Society
10. Society for Vascular Surgery
11. Venous Association of India

1. Special interests:
2. Aortic aneurysm surgery (abdominal, thoracic and thoracoabdominal)
3. Carotid surgery
4. Deep vein thrombosis
5. Venous surgery
6. Endovascular therapies
7. Teaching
8. I am involved in teaching of various postgraduate students in both the hospitals where I work. I regularly deliver lectures on various vascular surgical topics. I also visit and deliver talks for medical students in neighboring medical schools.

Some of the Papers and lectures presented at conferences

1. Protective effect of allopurinol and Prostaglandin E1 in post ischemia reperfusion injury in rat kidney. 27th Annual Conference of Japanese Society of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Japan. February 12-14, 1997.

2. Routine versus selective per operative cholangiography during cholecystectomy. 18th Annual Conference of Northern Chapter of Association of Surgeons of India. PGIMS, Rohtak. September 26-28, 1997.

3. Distal bypass surgery in Buerger's disease. 18th Annual Conference of Northern Chapter of Association of Surgeons of India. PGIMS, Rohtak. September 26-28, 1997. Best paper award in young surgeons' contest.

4. Correlation of anatomic pattern of venous reflux with clinical symptoms and venous hemodynamics in patients with primary varicose veins. 4th Annual Conference of Vascular Society of India, Bangalore. December 11-14, 1997.

5. Endovascular Surgery: An analysis of 50 peripheral interventions. 6th International Workshop on Endovascular & Stent Techniques. Bordeaux, France. October 15-17, 1998.

6. Endovascular Surgery: An analysis of previous 3 years' experience. 5th Annual Conference of Vascular Society of India. Ahmedabad. November 27-28, 1998.

7. Femoropopliteal bypass – A retrospective analysis of 100 patients. 5th Annual Conference of Vascular Society of India. Ahmedabad. November 27-28, 1998.

8. Bleeding cirsoid aneurysm. 5th Annual Conference of Vascular Society of India. Ahmedabad. November 27-28, 1998.

9. Endovascular management of femoropopliteal arteriovenous fistula. 5th Annual Conference of Vascular Society of India. Ahmedabad. November 27-28, 1998.

10. Animal bites in Vascular Surgery. 5th Annual Conference of Vascular Society of India. Ahmedabad. November 27-28, 1998.

11. Incidence of autoimmune antibodies in vascular surgical patients and their outcome. 5th Annual Conference of Vascular Society of India. Ahmedabad. November 27-28, 1998.

12. Co-chaired a session on 'Upper limb ischemia'. 5th Annual Conference of Vascular Society of India. Ahmedabad. November 27-28, 1998.

13. Management of Vascular Trauma. International Medical Sciences Academy Annual Conference-99, Hyderabad. February 26-28, 1999.

14. Vascular diseases and risk factor modification. Lecture delivered during a scientific meeting at Gandhidham, Kutch, Gujarat during the Vascular diseases screening camp. March 30, 1999.

15. Endovascular Surgery: An analysis of previous 3 years' experience. 7th Annual Meeting of the Asian Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, Singapore. May 28-June 1, 1999.

16. Vascular Trauma: An analysis of 100 cases. 7th Annual Meeting of the Asian Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, Singapore. May 28-June 1, 1999.

17. The Incidence of Autoimmune Antibodies in Vascular Surgery Patients and their effect on outcome. 7th Annual Meeting of the Asian Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, Singapore. May 28-June 1, 1999.

18. Management of DVT. Lecture delivered at a clinical meeting in the Railway Hospital, Secunderabad. October 16, 1999.

19. Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. 6th Annual Conference of the Vascular Society of India, Hyderabad. November 18-20, 1999.

20. Chaired a scientific session on Vascular Trauma during the 6th Annual Conference of the Vascular Society of India, Hyderabad. November 18-20, 1999.

21. Conducted a Vascular Anastomosis Workshop during the 6th Annual Conference of the Vascular Society of India, Hyderabad. November 18-20, 1999.

22. Analysis of coronary and metabolic risk factors in patients with peripheral obstructive arterial disease. 6th Annual Conference of the Vascular Society of India, Hyderabad. November 18-20, 1999.

23. Quality of life in Vascular Surgical patients. 6th Annual Conference of the Vascular Society of India, Hyderabad. November 18-20, 1999.

24. Varicose veins: A review of 100 cases. 6th Annual Conference of the Vascular Society of India, Hyderabad. November 18-20, 1999.

25. 16. Extra-anatomical bypass for secondary hemorrhage in the upper limb. Poster presentation. 6th Annual Conference of the Vascular Society of India, Hyderabad. November 18-20, 1999.

26. Prostaglandin E1 in critical limb ischemia. Asian Chapter of International Union of Angiology. New Delhi. December 17-19, 1999.

27. Vascular Trauma: A series of 132 cases. Asian Chapter of International Union of Angiology. New Delhi. December 17-19, 1999.

28. Swollen limb and DVT: Guest Lecture during the meeting of Nagpur Chapter of Association of Surgeons of India. Nagpur, January 23, 2000.

29. Management of Varicose Veins: Guest Lecture during the meeting of Nagpur Chapter of Association of Surgeons of India. Nagpur, January 23, 2000.

30. Delayed presentation of vascular injuries. New Millennium Surgery CME organized at Government Medical College, Chandigarh. April 9, 2000.

31. Prostaglandin E1 for critical limb ischemia. 8th Annual Meeting of the Asian Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, Fukuoka, Japan. September 6-8, 2000.

32. Acute aortic occlusion – An analysis of 15 cases seen over 2 years. 8th Annual Meeting of the Asian Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, Fukuoka, Japan. September 6-8, 2000.

33. Late Presentation of Vascular Injuries. National Update AFMC 2000 in Surgery, Anesthesia and Critical Care. Pune, India. October 6-8, 2000.

34. Acute aortic occlusion – An analysis of 15 cases seen over 2 years. 7th Annual Conference of the Vascular Society of India, Chennai. November 16-19, 2000.

35. Late Presentation of Vascular Injuries. 7th Annual Conference of the Vascular Society of India, Chennai. November 16-19, 2000.

36. Screening for peripheral vascular diseases. 7th Annual Conference of the Vascular Society of India, Chennai. November 16-19, 2000.

37. Deep Vein Thrombosis: An Indian Perspective. 9th Annual Meeting of the Asian Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, Nagoya, Japan. March 28-30, 2001.

38. Panelist for discussion on Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary thromboembolism. 9th Annual Meeting of the Asian Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, Nagoya, Japan. March 28-30, 2001.

39. Late Presentation of Vascular Injuries. 9th Annual Meeting of the Asian Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, Nagoya, Japan. March 28-30, 2001.

40. Thrombophilia in peripheral vascular diseases. Meeting of AP Chapter of Association of Physicians of India. Kakinada September 8-9, 2001.

41. Prevalence of thrombophilia in PAOD. Meeting of AP Chapter of Association of Surgeons of India. Nizamabad. October 12-14, 2001.

42. Carotid aneurysm in a pregnant lady. Meeting of AP Chapter of Association of Surgeons of India. Nizamabad. October 12-14, 2001.

43. Prevalence of thrombophilia in PAOD. 8th Annual Meeting of Vascular Society of India. Pune November 29-December 2, 2001.

44. Role of Non-Invasive Vascular Laboratory in the management of Venous diseases. Presented in the Venous Forum. 8th Annual Meeting of Vascular Society of India. Pune November 29-December 2, 2001.

45. Chaired a presentation on Hypercoagulable states in vascular diseases. 8th Annual Meeting of Vascular Society of India. Pune November 29-December 2, 2001.

46. Medical management of Vascular diseases. 9th Annual National Conference of Vascular Society of India. Kodaikanal. October 10-13, 2002.

47. Thoracic outlet syndrome: arterial complications. Annual meeting of Association of Surgeons of India, Hyderabad. 2003

48. Acute limb ischemia, Endovenous Laser therapy. LXV Annual Conference of The Association of Surgeons of India. Jaipur. December 25-30, 2005.

49. Descending Thoracic Aorta as Inflow vessel for lower limb revascularization. 12th Annual Conference of Vascular Society of India, Thiruvananthapuram. Kerala. November 11-13, 2005.

50. Acute Limb ischemia. Best paper award. 11th annual meeting of Vascular Society of India, New Delhi, India, 2006.

51. Venous Diseases: Etiopathogenesis and diagnosis. Current concepts. 11th annual meeting of Vascular Society of India, New Delhi, India, 2006.

52. Spoke against the motion in Debate entitled "Carotid artery stenting is the future treatment of carotid artery stenosis. 11th annual meeting of Vascular Society of India, New Delhi, India, 2006.

53. Upper limb ischemia of unclear etiology. 13th annual meeting of Vascular Society of India, Baroda, India, 2006.

54. IVC Filter placement. Annual Meeting of Association of Surgeons of India. Bhubaneshwar. December, 2007.

55. Clinical evaluation & risk factor evaluation in PVD. 10th Annual Conference Indian Society of Vascular & Interventional Radiology. Hyderabad. November 1 – 4, 2007.

56. Peripheral Vascular Diseases: An overview. Annual meeting of Cardilogy Society of India, Orissa Chapter, at Bhubaneshwar. October 12, 2008.




Other Meetings Attended

1. International symposium on 'Recent Advances in the Management of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Cancers. Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan. December 13-14, 1996.

2. CME Surgery. Government Medical College, Chandigarh, April 26-27, 1997.

3. Workshop on Transcatheter Endovascular Therapy. G B Pant Hospital, New Delhi. October 7-8, 1999.

4. Conducted a Vascular Diseases Screening Camp at Gandhidham, Kutch, Gujarat. March 26-30, 1999.

5. Conducted a Vascular Diseases Screening Camp at Chityal, Nalgonda, AP. June 19-20, 1999.

6. Endovascular Workshop during the 6th Annual Conference of the Vascular Society of India, Hyderabad. November 18-20, 1999.
List of Publications

1. P. C. Gupta. Vascular Surgery in Japan - An Overview. Vascular and Endovascular Interventions and Surgery Update. Vol.1, Issue No.3, July 1996. Page 54-56.
2.
3. Gupta P. C. Matsushita Masahiro, Nishikimi Naomichi, Sakurai Tsunehisa, Nimura Yuji. Protective effect of Allopurinol and Prostaglandin E1 in post ischemia reperfusion injury in rat kidney. Japanese Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery, Vol. 26 supplement, Feb. 1997, Page 212. (Abstract)
4.
5. P. C. Gupta, M. Matsushita, N. Nishikimi, T. Sakurai. Distal bypass surgery in Buerger’s disease. Vascular and Endovascular Interventions and Surgery Update. Vol.1, Issue No.1, Jan. 1997. Page 19-21.
6.
7. P. C. Gupta, Masahiro Matsushita, Koji Oda, Naomichi Nishikimi, Tsunehisa Sakurai, Yuji Nimura. Attenuation of Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Allopurinol & Prostaglandin E1. European Surgical Research 1998;30:102-107.
8.
9. H. Ohkawa, M. Ito, K. Shigeno, P. C. Gupta, Masahiro Matsushita, Nishikimi Naomichi, Sakurai Tsunehisa, Nimura Yuji. Tranilast suppresses fetal myosin heavy chains and intimal hyperplasia in rabbit. Current Therapeutic Research11997;58:764-772.
10.
11. T. Sakurai, P. C. Gupta, M. Matsushita, N. Nishikimi and Y. Nimura. Correlation of anatomical distribution of venous reflux with clinical symptoms and venous haemodynamics in primary varicose veins. British Journal of Surgery 1998,85,213-216.
12.
13. Gupta AK, Gupta PC, Abrol R, Mann SB. Pseudoaneurysm of Subclavian artery - atypical presentation. J Laryngol Otol 1998;112:1095-7.
14.
15. Transplant Immunology. P C Gupta. Hospital Today 1998;3:268-275.
16.
17. Gene Therapy P C Gupta, LSR Prasad, R K Pinjala. NIMS Proceedings June 1999.
18.
19. G. Singh, P C Gupta, G Sridhar, R N Kataria. Role of selective intra-operative cholangiography during cholecystectomy. Aust N Z J Surg 2000;70:106-109.
20.
21. Prem Chand Gupta, Susarla Rammurti, Rama Krishna Uppuluri, Sudhir Rai, Rama Krishna Pinjala. Endovascular treatment of traumatic femoral arteriovenous fistulas. Asian Oceanian J Radiol 2000;5(4):244-246.
22.
23. Prem C Gupta. Prevalence of thrombophilia in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. IJS 2002;64:282-285.
24.
25. Pinjala Ramakrishna, S Ramurthi, P C Gupta, M Kiran. Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. IJS 2002;64:286-288.
26.
27. Anshu Rajnish, Vandana Bansal, P C Gupta. Role of Nuclear Medicine in Obstetric Practice. Obs Gyane Today;2:59-62.
28.
29. P C Gupta, N Madhavilatha, J Venkateshwarlu, A Sudha. Extracranial carotid aneurysm related to pregnancy. J Vasc Surg 2004;40:375-8.
30.
31. Ratan Jha, Sanjay Sinha, D Bansal, P C Gupta. Renal infarction in patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Indian J Nephrol 2005;15:17-21.